On June 24, 2015, the Federal Court issued a practice notice providing new measures that seek to improve case management of complex litigation, including IP litigation. The new measures, designed to achieve increased proportionality in proceedings before the Court, streamline certain aspects of IP litigation matters and should result in savings of both time and costs for litigants.

While many of the recommendations in the notice are necessarily general, they are intended to make it easier for an action to be tried within at most two years, an objective the Federal Court communicated in an earlier practice notice in May 2009. The recommendations will also make litigation more cost-effective for litigants due at least in part to a cap on the duration of oral examinations for discovery and new limitations for motions to compel answers refused during examinations for discovery. Historically, such refusals motions have frequently been time-consuming and costly, and have resulted in delays in proceedings. 

The practice notice

Specifically, the notice, titled “Notice to the Parties and the Profession – Case Management: Increased Proportionality in Complex Litigation before the Federal Court”, is briefly summarized as follows:

  1. Earlier trial judge management: The trial judge will get involved in a matter earlier to ensure that the parties and the Court are ready to proceed on the scheduled trial date. For example, the trial judge may get involved in ensuring timely resolution of interlocutory motions and appeals, and implementing procedures related to discovery and litigation timetables;
  2. Short notice wait list for earlier trial dates: Parties who are ready for trial will be able to request an earlier trial date, subject to the Court’s availability, notwithstanding that they may already have a trial date fixed for a later date in the future;
  3. No new demonstrative evidence at trial: Parties will have to exchange demonstrative evidence at least 60 days before trial, with any objections to be dealt with shortly thereafter;
  4. Limits on documentary discovery: proportionality applies to documentary discovery. The costs involved, the time required, and the nature and complexity of a dispute are all factors to be accounted for in this regard. In addition, the parties will be required to discuss early on the representative(s) to be examined, their knowledge and expertise, the scope of inquiry and the documents anticipated to be reviewed;
  5. Limits on oral discovery: Proportionality also applies to oral examinations for discovery. Absent special circumstances, the Court will limit the duration of oral discoveries based on the estimated duration of trial to the following (based on actual or estimated durations for trial):
    1. 1 week trial or less: 1 day of oral discovery per party;
    2. 1-2 week trial: 2 days per party;
    3. 3-4 week trial: 3 days per party; and
    4. 5+ weeks: 4 days per party.

In addition, any follow up discovery will be limited to 1 day per party. It remains to be seen how, practically, these new limitations will be implemented and enforced. For example, where a single plaintiff brings an action against multiple defendants, variations from the durations set out above may be necessary depending on the circumstances of each case;

  1. Limits on refusal motions: Refusals motions will be much briefer (limited to one hour per day of discovery) and will be heard only after discoveries are complete. In addition, the practice of taking questions “under advisement”, i.e., refusing a question during an examination but committing to further consider its propriety after the examination, will no longer be permitted. This, combined with the new requirement to answer all questions unless “clearly improper or prejudicial”, or privileged, should result in significantly fewer discovery refusals, and therefore less voluminous refusals motions. Potentially significant cost sanctions may also be imposed against unsuccessful or unreasonable parties; 
     
  2. Limits on appeals of interlocutory orders of prothonotaries: In view of the current system, which allows for multiple levels of appeal as of right, the Court is currently considering recommending amendments to legislation to limit appeals of interlocutory orders (e.g., refusals motions);
  3. Stricter enforcement of the limit on number of experts: Absent extraordinary reasons, each party will only be entitled to call five (5) expert witnesses;
  4. Science and technology primers prior to trial: Parties may be required to jointly or separately provide science and technology primers to the Court prior to trial, particularly in cases involving complex science and technology issues;
  5. Early consideration of mediation in all actions: The Court will proactively raise alternative dispute resolution as an option throughout a proceeding, including as early as the close of pleadings. Such alternative dispute resolution may include mediation, which is a service that the Federal Court offers parties involved in litigation.

Conclusion

In sum, the new measures provided in the Federal Court’s practice notice streamline certain aspects of IP litigation matters and should result in savings of both time and costs for litigants. In particular, the new requirements related to document and oral discovery, as well as motions for resolving discovery-related refusals, are significant and should result in a noticeably shorter and more focused discovery phase of an action. Given that document and oral discovery, and resulting refusals motions represent a substantial amount of the time and costs associated with an IP court action, this practice notice will be a welcome development for litigants interested in timely and cost-effective resolution of IP disputes in Canada.

Click here for the Federal Court’s “Notice to the Parties and the Profession – Case Management: Increased Proportionality in Complex Litigation before the Federal Court.”