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Footnotes
- House of Commons, Canada, Debates of the House of Commons, 34-2, vol 19 (June 20, 1991) at 71.
- Science Council of Canada, Upper Atmosphere and Space Programs in Canada: Report of the Space Research Advisory Committee, [Chapman Report], (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1967).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Jeff Foust, “What Germany's $41 Billion Investment in Space Could Mean for Europe,” SpaceNews, (2024).
- Mark Carney, “Principled and pragmatic: Canada's path,” Office of the Prime Minister of Canada. (January 20, 2026).
- Supra, note 2.
- Lieutenant-Colonel Donald M. Hemmings, Canada's Lack of Domestic Space Launch Capability Constitutes a National Security Concern, (Canadian Forces College, Joint Command and Staff Programme, Exercise Solo Flight paper, 2023-2025).
- Government of Canada, Budget 2025: Building One Canadian Economy, (Ottawa: Department of Finance Canada, 2025).
- “Government of Canada,” “Minister MacKinnon announces sovereign space launch capabilities through the Canadian Space Launch Act,” (Ottawa: Transport Canada, April 21, 2026).
- Government of Canada, “Government of Canada Announces Strategic Partnership to Strengthen Military Communications in the Arctic,” (Ottawa: Public Services and Procurement Canada, December 9, 2025).
- Canada, Parliament, Senate, Standing Committee on National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs, Arctic Security Under Threat: Urgent needs in a changing geopolitical and environmental landscape, (June 28, 2023).
- Ibid.
- Canada, National Defence, Defence Enhanced Surveillance from Space Project (DESSP), Defence Capabilities Blueprint, Government of Canada.
- Government of the People's Republic of China, State Council of the People's Republic of China, China's Arctic Policy, (January 26, 2018).
- CBC News, “Trump's appointment of special envoy to Greenland sparks diplomatic backlash,” CBC, (December 22, 2025).
- Miranda Bryant, “Denmark sets up ‘night watch' to monitor Trump after Greenland row,” The Guardian, (November 27, 2025).
- Prime Minister of Canada, “Prime Minister Carney Secures Canada's Participation in European Union Defence and Security Initiatives” (December 1, 2025).
- Ibid.
- Council of the European Union, “SAFE: Council clears path for financial assistance to eight member states and concluding the Canada agreement,” (February 11, 2026).
- Canadian Space Agency, “Canada Deepens Space Ties with Europe Through Historic Investment,” (Longueuil, Quebec: Canadian Space Agency, November 18, 2025).
- Canadian Space Agency, “Canada Confirms Historic Space Investment at European Space Agency's Ministerial Council,” (Longueuil, Quebec: Canadian Space Agency, November 28, 2025).
- Canadian Space Agency, Canada-ESA Cooperation Agreement Overview, (December 11, 2025).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Canadian Space Agency, Industry Snapshot: Canada's Space Sector 2024, (Saint-Hubert, QC: Canadian Space Agency, 2024).
- Ibid.
- Office for Space Technology & Industry (Singapore), Singapore's Space Sector: Next Bound of Development, (February 26, 2025).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
