NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Gowling WLG professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.
Footnotes
- House of Commons, Canada, Debates of the House of Commons, 34-2, vol 19 (June 20, 1991) at 71.
- Science Council of Canada, Upper Atmosphere and Space Programs in Canada: Report of the Space Research Advisory Committee, [Chapman Report], (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1967).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Jeff Foust, “What Germany's $41 Billion Investment in Space Could Mean for Europe,” SpaceNews, (2024).
- Mark Carney, “Principled and pragmatic: Canada's path,” Office of the Prime Minister of Canada. (January 20, 2026).
- Supra, note 2.
- Lieutenant-Colonel Donald M. Hemmings, Canada's Lack of Domestic Space Launch Capability Constitutes a National Security Concern, (Canadian Forces College, Joint Command and Staff Programme, Exercise Solo Flight paper, 2023-2025).
- Government of Canada, Budget 2025: Building One Canadian Economy, (Ottawa: Department of Finance Canada, 2025).
- “Government of Canada,” “Minister MacKinnon announces sovereign space launch capabilities through the Canadian Space Launch Act,” (Ottawa: Transport Canada, April 21, 2026).
- Government of Canada, “Government of Canada Announces Strategic Partnership to Strengthen Military Communications in the Arctic,” (Ottawa: Public Services and Procurement Canada, December 9, 2025).
- Canada, Parliament, Senate, Standing Committee on National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs, Arctic Security Under Threat: Urgent needs in a changing geopolitical and environmental landscape, (June 28, 2023).
- Ibid.
- Canada, National Defence, Defence Enhanced Surveillance from Space Project (DESSP), Defence Capabilities Blueprint, Government of Canada.
- Government of the People's Republic of China, State Council of the People's Republic of China, China's Arctic Policy, (January 26, 2018).
- CBC News, “Trump's appointment of special envoy to Greenland sparks diplomatic backlash,” CBC, (December 22, 2025).
- Miranda Bryant, “Denmark sets up ‘night watch' to monitor Trump after Greenland row,” The Guardian, (November 27, 2025).
- Prime Minister of Canada, “Prime Minister Carney Secures Canada's Participation in European Union Defence and Security Initiatives” (December 1, 2025).
- Ibid.
- Council of the European Union, “SAFE: Council clears path for financial assistance to eight member states and concluding the Canada agreement,” (February 11, 2026).
- Canadian Space Agency, “Canada Deepens Space Ties with Europe Through Historic Investment,” (Longueuil, Quebec: Canadian Space Agency, November 18, 2025).
- Canadian Space Agency, “Canada Confirms Historic Space Investment at European Space Agency's Ministerial Council,” (Longueuil, Quebec: Canadian Space Agency, November 28, 2025).
- Canadian Space Agency, Canada-ESA Cooperation Agreement Overview, (December 11, 2025).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Canadian Space Agency, Industry Snapshot: Canada's Space Sector 2024, (Saint-Hubert, QC: Canadian Space Agency, 2024).
- Ibid.
- Office for Space Technology & Industry (Singapore), Singapore's Space Sector: Next Bound of Development, (February 26, 2025).
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
